TRAIN Law - Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion The Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) Act, officially cited as Republic Act No. 10963, is the initial package of the Comprehensive Tax Reform Program (CTRP) signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte on December 19, 2017. TRAIN consists of revisions to the National Internal Revenue Code of 1997, or the Tax Code. This reform includes packages that make changes in taxation concerning the personal income tax (PIT), estate tax, donor's tax, value added tax (VAT), documentary stamp tax (DST) and the excise tax of petroleum products, automobiles, sweetened beverages, cosmetic procedures, coal, mining and tobacco. The Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) is the first package of the comprehensive tax reform program (CTRP) envisioned by President Duterte’s administration, which seeks to to correct a number of deficiencies in the tax system to make it simpler, fairer,...
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SENSATION activation of receptors located in the eyes, ears, skin, nasal cavities, and tongue PERCEPTION the interpretation and organization of sensation SENSATION AND PERCEPTION Sensory receptors: specialized forms of neurons that are activated by different stimuli such as light and sound “Just noticeable difference”: the point at which a stimulus is detectable half the time it is present IGNORING SENSATIONS Habituation: ignoring a constant stimulus Sensory adaptation: sensory neurons stop responding to constant stimuli TWO TYPES OF PROCESSING INFORMATION Top-down processing: knowledge organizes individual features into a unified whole Bottom-up processing: analysis of smaller feature builds up to a complete perception LIGHT Light: a form of electromagnetic radiation described by wavelength and amplitude Color: determined by the length of the light waves. Brightness: determined by the ampli...
Neurons and Nerves Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Chemical Connection: Endocrine Gland Neuroscience Neuroscience is a branch of the life sciences that deals with the structure and function of neurons , nerves and nervous tissue , especially focusing on their relationship to behavior and learning . Neuron Neurotransmitters Agonists - chemical substances that mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell, increasing or decreasing the activity of that cell. Antagonists - chemical substances that block or reduce a cell’s response to the action of other chemicals or neurotransmitter. Peripheral Nervous System Somatic nervous system = sensory pathway + motor pathway Autonomic nervous system = parasympathetic + sympathetic ...
Basic Concepts of Economics Definition of Economics • Study of how societies use scarce resources to produce valuable commodities and distribute them among different people with various needs • Study of how individuals within a society generally make choices that involve the use of scarce resources from among alternative wants that need to be satisfied • Scientific study of the choices made by individuals and societies in regard to the alternative uses of scarce resources which are employed to satisfy wants and needs Scarcity • The limited nature of society’s resource • An economic condition wherein there is no enough resources to satisfy all the demands of the people Opportunity Costs • The value of the good or service foregone • The value of the next best choice that you give up when you make an economic/rational decision There ...